The printing of textile fabrics: a practical manual on the printing of cotton, woollen, silk and half-silk fabrics by Rothwell Charles Frederick Seymour

Author:Rothwell, Charles Frederick Seymour
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Textile printing
Publisher: London, C. Griffin and Company, limited
Published: 1897-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

and dunging, the pieces are '^ tannined " in the first dyeing operation, the particular dyestufifs and tannin matter used likewise depending upon the shade to be subsequently produced.

As the astringent in the first dyeing process sumach is, for these shades, principally used. In addition to sumach, quercitron bark or berries are usually employed in this operation, the proportions of the two ingredients of the dye being varied in accordance with the shade desired. Sumach has the effect of making the shades darker or blacker when the mordant contains iron, and only slightly yellower when alumina is the mordant, or the colour contains a large proportion of alumina. Quercitron bark or Persian berries influence the shades considerably on all the mordants by turning them very much yellower in tone, this effect showing itself most markedly with colours dyed upon alumina mordants, or with colours which contain a large proportion of alumina to iron. The proportions in which these dyestuffs and astringents are used are regulated by the above-mentioned considerations ; they vary with every colouring.

For the second dyeing process, brilliant green alone is generally used, except for pale bright green shades that are required to be specially fast, when methylene green GG can be used.

The following particulars, for a dark myrtle and bright green shade respectively, will give a general idea of the proportions of the various materials used :—

Dark Myrtle Shade. —Print on the cloth a fairly strong iron mordant, age, dung, and prepare for dyeing.

Prepare the dye-beck with the usual quantity of water and glue size, enter the pieces and add, for each 25 yards of good quality cloth printed with a blotch pattern, approximately ;—

Tannin Bath — First Dyeing,

1 lb. samach,

1 lb. quercitron bark,

1 oz. chalk.

The dyeing should then be started, and the temperature gradually raised to 160^ F. in half an hour, and then kept at this heat for fifteen minutes, after which the pieces should be washed, preferably in hot water.

The second dyeing is conducted in the same way as described for the first one, using, for the same quantity of cloth printed in the same style of pattern, about:—

Second Dyeing, 1 oz. brilliant green crystals.

At the expiration of the time required for dyeing with the brilliant

green:—

Fixing,

1 oz. tartar emetic,

previously dissolved in some water, is added to the liquor in the dye-beck, and the heat of the liquor maintained for about fifteen minutes to ensure complete fixation.

When dark myrtle and green shades are in hand, the treatment with tartar emetic is frequently omitted.

From what has been mentioned above, it will be seen that a large variety of shades can be produced by varying the character of the mordant, and the proportion of the astringent.

Brigpht Green Shades. —These shades are dyed upon either a pure alumina mordant or a chocolate mordant, in which the proportion of iron is small compared to the quantity of alumina present. The first dyeing is done with a mixture of quercitron bark or Persian berries, and sumach, the latter being present in only a small quantity compared to the other ingredient.

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